How the Process of Homeostasis Works

How the Process of Homeostasis Works Theories Behavioral Psychology Print How the Process of Homeostasis Works By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on December 06, 2019 Cultura Science / GIPhotoStock / Getty Images More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Homeostasis refers to the bodys need to reach and maintain a certain state of equilibrium. The term is often used to refer to the bodys tendency to monitor and maintain internal states such as temperature and energy levels at fairly constant and stable levels. A Closer Look at Homeostasis The term homeostasis was first coined by a psychologist named Walter Cannon in 1926. The term, homeostasis, refers to an organisms ability to regulate various physiological processes to keep internal states steady and balanced. These processes take place mostly without our conscious awareness. Our internal regulatory systems have what is known as a set point for a variety of things. This is much like the thermostat in your house or the A/C system in your car. Once set at a certain point, these systems work to keep the internal states at these levels. When the temperature levels drop in your house, your furnace will turn on and warm things up to the preset temperature. In the same way, if something is out of balance in your body, a variety of physiological reactions will kick in until the setpoint is once again reached. Homeostasis Involves Three Key Features 1. A clear set point 2. The ability to detect deviations from this set point 3. Behavioral and physiological responses designed to return the body to the set point Your body has set points for a variety of things including temperature, weight, sleep, thirst, and hunger. One prominent theory of human motivation, known as drive reduction theory, suggests that homeostatic imbalances create needs. This need to restore balance drives people to perform actions that will return the body to its ideal state. How Does the Body Regulate Temperature? When you think about homeostasis, the temperature might come to mind first. It is one of the most important and obvious homeostatic systems. All organisms, from large mammals to tiny bacteria, must maintain an ideal temperature in order to survive. Some factors that influence this ability to maintain a stable body temperature include how these systems are regulated as well as the overall size of the organism. Some creatures, known as endotherms or warm-blooded animals, accomplish this via internal physiological processes. Birds and mammals (including humans) are endotherms. Other creatures are ectotherms (aka cold-blooded) and rely on external sources to regulate their body temperature. Reptiles and amphibians are both ectotherms. The colloquial terms warm-blooded and cold-blooded do not actually mean that these organisms have different blood temperatures. These terms simply refer to how these creatures maintain their internal body temperatures. Homeostasis is also influenced by an organisms size, or more specifically, the surface-to-volume ratio.  Larger creatures have a much greater body volume, which causes them to produce more body heat. Smaller animals, on the other, produce less body heat but also have a higher surface-to-volume ratio. They lose more body heat than they produce, so their internal systems must work much harder to maintain steady body temperature. Behavioral and Physiological Responses As mentioned earlier, homeostasis involves both physiological and behavioral responses. In terms of behavior, you might seek out warm clothes or a patch of sunlight if you start to feel chilly. When you start to feel chilled, you might also curl your body inward and keep your arms tucked in close to your body to keep in the heat. As endotherms, people also possess a number of internal systems that help regulate body temperature. As you probably already know, humans have a body temperature set point of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. When your body temperature dips below this point, it sets off a number of physiological reactions to help restore balance. Blood vessels in the bodys extremities constrict in order to prevent heat loss. Shivering also helps the body produce more heat. The body also responds when temperatures go above 98.6 degrees. Have you ever noticed how your skin becomes flushed when you are very warm? This is your body trying to restore temperature balance. When you are too warm, your blood vessels dilate in order to give off more body heat. Perspiration is another common way to reduce body heat, which is why you often end up flushed and sweaty on a very hot day.

Alzheimer s Is The Greatest Known Risk Factor For The...

Alzheimer s is a degenerative disease of the brain that causes dementia, which is a gradual loss of memory, judgment, and ability to function. It is the most common form of dementia, and may hinder an individual s performance of daily function. Sixty to eighty percent of dementia cases are caused by Alzheimer s. This disease is considered to be the greatest known risk factor for the individuals ages sixty and older. Most of the population affected by the disease with noticeable symptoms are sixty-five and older, with men living approximately 4.2 years after their initial diagnosis, and women approximately 5.7 years after their diagnosis. Alzheimer s gets increasingly difficult to live with as one ages, and it is ultimately terminal. A common misconception of Alzheimer s is that it is a disease of only old age. However, up to five percent of patients have early onset Alzheimer s, known as younger-onset, which often appears in someone in their forties and fifties. Correctly diagnosin g the disease at these ages is difficult, due to the fact that symptoms of the early stages are nearly impossible to detect. Alzheimer’s disease is best known as a memory disorder; however, behavioral and psychiatric symptoms may also occur. Many, but not all, individuals with Alzheimer’s will develop some combination of these symptoms. Early in the disease, people may experience irritability, anxiety, or depression. Later on, these lead to agitation, general emotionalShow MoreRelatedThe Disease Of Alzheimer s Disease1421 Words   |  6 PagesThen one is unable to think properly, reason, and lacks of self control. Gaps are formed in the brain s ventricles, due to the amount of dead tissue. In the end, it will lead to death. All of this may sound like something from a science fiction movie but infact its very real. These are all known possible symptoms of a common disease that affects about millions of Americans. It is known as Alzheimer s disease (AD), and I plan on explaining it a bit more in this paper. First I will explain the diseaseRead MoreWhy Is My Memory So Important?1646 Words   |   7 Pagescommon type of cause of dementia. Alzheimer is not a normal part of aging although you do tend to forget things every now and then, but is the greatest risk factor in increasing age. It affects majority of people ages 65 and older. There are cases though in which people in their 40s or 50s begin to experience what is known as early onset Alzheimer’s. Therefore, it’s not just a disease of old age. Alzheimer’s worsens over time deteriorating the brain, making it known as a progressive disease. Due toRead MoreDementia And It s Types Essay1429 Words   |  6 PagesDementia and it s types Dementia is a syndrome caused by multiple progressive illnesses that affects memory, thinking, orientation, behaviour, comprehension, calculation, judgement, learning capacity, language, and loss of motivation and emotional control. The syndrome is characterized by Alzheimer’s disease, dementia with lewy bodies, vascular dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia mainly affects older people. Alzheimer disease is the most common form of dementia. Prevalence 44.4Read MoreAlzheimer s Disease : A Normal Part Of Aging And That It Isn t Fatal1315 Words   |  6 Pagesmight be at risk. iii. Alzheimer s disease has no survivors. It s a disease that destroys your brain cells and causes it to malfunction, change memory, which results in unpredictable behaviors and loss of body functions. It gradually and agonizingly takes away a person s characteristics, ability to bond with others, reflect, eat, speak, walk or even know which roads to take to return to a home they ve lived in for decades. b. i. Aluminum is the cause of Alzheimer is an importantRead MoreAlzheimer s Is The Most Common Diagnosed Condition Of Dementia720 Words   |  3 PagesAlzheimer s is a slow and debilitating disease that generates multiple problems with cognitive skills including; memory, thinking and behavior. (MedlinePlus, 2015) It is especially painful for friends and family members who see their loved ones progressively lose their memory and ability to function as they normally have. Symptoms typically develop gradually and progressively get worse over time, becoming severe enough to put the person afflicted with the disease unable to complete daily tasksRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Illness1399 Words   |  6 Pageshow an illness exerts social consequences on an individual, independent of its biological effects. He wrote that a physician changes the behavior of an individual when he or she diagnoses him or her with an illness. The sick individual has the disease prior to the dia gnosis, but it is the diagnosis that labels the individual as â€Å"ill.† The diagnosis groups the signs and symptoms of the individual into an illness. From there on out, the individual is perceived by society as â€Å"ill.† The associationRead MoreSymptoms And Progression Of Alzheimer s Disease Essay2254 Words   |  10 Pages Alzheimer s is the most common form of dementia, a general term for memory loss and other intellectual abilities serious enough to interfere with daily life. Alzheimer s disease accounts for 60 to 80 percent of dementia cases. The number of Americans living with Alzheimer s disease is growing and growing fast. An estimated 5.4 million Americans of all ages have Alzheimer s disease in 2016. Of the 5.4 million Americans with Alzheimer s, an estimated 5.2 million people are age 65 and olderRead MoreEssay on Alzheimers disease1966 Words   |  8 Pagescommunicate, and accomplish daily activities. As Alzheimer’s progresses, individuals may also experience changes in personality and behavior, such as anxiety, suspiciousness or aggravation, as well as illusions or hallucinations. Alzheimer’s disease is named after a German doctor, Dr. Alois Alzheimer. In 1906, Dr. Alzheimer became aware of changes in the brain tissue of a woman who had died of an unusual mental illness. Dr. Alzheimer found irregular clusters and tangled bundles of fibers. Today, theseRead MoreGene Therapy And The Treatment Of Alzheimer Disease2489 Words   |  10 PagesAbstract This paper discusses the use of gene therapy in the treatment of Alzheimer Disease. It is an irreversible, progressive brain disease. Current gene therapy interventions are experimental. However, the use of genetic therapeutic drugs has gained momentum in the treatment of other illnesses. Scientists are currently researching in how to use stem cells in the treatment of Alzheimer Disease. There are still some challenges with regards to genetic therapy. These need to be addressed. DespiteRead MoreDevelopment And Evaluation Of Cognition Based Interventions1531 Words   |  7 Pages PhD upgrade overview In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the development and evaluation of cognition-based interventions (CBIs) for people with dementia in improving cognition, and quality of life (QoL). However, little is known about the effects of these interventions for carers who are actively involved and participate in CBIs alongside their relative. In addition, it has been argued that engaging family carers in the therapeutic process is important as it has the potential

Teamwork And Leadership Remember The Titans - 1699 Words

TEAMWORK AND LEADERSHIP IN REMEMBER THE TITANS Introduction The dynamics of teamwork and leadership can be seen throughout the film â€Å"Remember the Titans.† The advantages and disadvantages of teams, norms and cohesiveness, and the stages of team development, are exemplified on multiple occurrences. This report will analyze these dynamics and provide examples of how they are displayed in the film. Advantages of Teams Throughout the film, there were many instances of the advantages of being part of a team. In this next section, we will be looking at a few examples. Firstly, being part of a team allows members to bond, support one another, and build new friendships. This was evident in the various training scenes. The difficulties they faced†¦show more content†¦They had been assigned to room together, and got into a fight over their individual identities and what they thought should be on the walls of their room. Behavioural Norms and Cohesiveness A behavioural norm is defined as the way(s) team members are expected to act. In â€Å"Remember the Titans†, it is set by the players. In the beginning of the movie, the players were on two separate teams before they merged, and wanted nothing to do with one another. They would segregate themselves any chance they got, and were constantly fighting with each other. At one point, some of the Caucasian players purposely were not blocking for Rev, the Native American quarterback. This showed a low level of cohesiveness. Cohesiveness is the extent to which team members are attracted to a team and motivated to remain part of it. In the beginning of the movie, the players were not acting like a team and did not want to play together or listen to the coaches of a different race. Therefore, they were exhibiting a low level of cohesiveness. Unlike in the beginning of the movie, the Titans were finally acting as a team. In the end, they began to encoura ge and support each other, spend time together outside of football, and build friendships. An example of the team showing high cohesiveness was when Louie Lastik and Blue Stanton called a team meeting late at night, and without the coaches. At first, a few of the players tried to leave the gymnasium, but JuliusShow MoreRelatedTeamwork and Leadership in Remember the Titans2913 Words   |  12 Pagesthe players had segregated themselves between each bus. Coach Hines made them get off the bus and board the busses as offense and defense, racially integrated. His values, like Coach Boone’s, were consistent with respect, integrity, loyalty and teamwork for those with whom he worked as well as with the players whom he coached. As the movie progressed and Coach Boone’s vision came together, Coach Yoast slowly but surely began to show more support. Coach Boone’s consistent preaching, that he didRead MoreFilm Analysis Of Remember The Titans1023 Words   |  5 Pages Remember the Titans Introduction Remember the Titans directed by Boaz Yakin, is an inspirational feature film that retells the true story of a high school football team that overcame racism to win the football championship. Set in Virginia during the forced integration of high school districts in the American south, the film explores the idea of racism, friendship and communication in sports through the use of camera shots and angles, props, body language and juxtaposition. YakinRead MoreRemember the Titans2312 Words   |  10 PagesVelez Elizabeth Hughes Paul Way EDUC 268 Remember the Titans - Five Step Analysis Plot Summary In April of 1971, the United States Supreme Court issued a ruling that ended all stateimposed segregation in public schools. This was the same year that T. C. Williams High School located in Alexander Virginia was integrated. This is the setting for the movie Remember the Titans, staring Denzel Washington who portrays Herman Boone the head coach of the Titans. Herman Boone is brought in as an assistantRead MoreLeadership Styles That Make Up Leadership1426 Words   |  6 PagesLeaders are individuals who inspire others to reach or achieve a goal. Leadership is based upon understanding, principles, abilities and performances. Having a general understanding about the organizations, knowing how to run meetings and the organization is very important. Leaders must have good communication skills in order to express themselves and their intentions. Then again, a key and regularly overlooked segment of successful correspondence is listening skills. A decent audience hears actualitiesRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. 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He pushed 13 himself and his staff so hard that he suffered a nervous breakdown in 1931. However, many workers were fiercely committed to the company. Despite winning six Academy Awards and successfully introducingRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesbusiness. In the wake of Raja Ram Mohan Roy s movement against women s subjugation to men and British influence on Indian culture and civilization the position of women had once again undergone a change. However, it was only under the en lightened leadership of Mahatma Gandhi that they re-asserted their equality with men. In response to the call of Gandhi they discarded their veil and came out of the four walls of their houses to fight the battle of freedom shoulder to shoulder with their brothers.Read MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pagessystems and a second methodology for new product development. The implementation and acceptance of a project management methodology can be difficult if the organization s culture provides a great deal of resistance toward the change. Strong executive leadership may be necessary such that the barriers to change can be overcome quickly. These barriers can exist at all levels of management as well as at the worker level. The changes may require that workers give up their comfort zones and seek out new socialRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesHardware: Faster, Cheaper, Mobile 2 Computer Software: Integrated, Downloadable, Social 2 Computer Networks: High Bandwidth, Wireless, Cloudy New Ways to Compete 4 New Ways to Work 5 Managing IT in Organizations Managing IT Resources IT Leadership Roles 4 5 5 7 The Topics and Organization of This Textbook 8 Review Questions 9 †¢ Discussion Questions 9 †¢ Bibliography 9 ̈ CASE STUDY 1 Midsouth Chamber of Commerce (A): The Role of the Operating Manager in Information Systems

Air Water Polution Free Essays

Air and Water Pollution Derrick Harris University of Phoenix ENV/100 Sam H. Abbas PhD August 9, 2010 Table of Contents Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. We will write a custom essay sample on Air Water Polution or any similar topic only for you Order Now 3 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Black Carbon Pollution†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 Smog Pollution†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Water Pollution†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5-6 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Ref erences†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 Abstract Air and water pollution has become a great problem in society today. Pollution is not only effecting humans but it is effecting plants, trees and animals and the earth’s natural water supply. This document will give various examples of air pollution and water pollution and how it’s affecting the environment as a whole. Air and water Pollution Introduction The earth is constantly working hard to repair itself for man made pollution such as carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, sulfur oxides, volatile organic compounds and particulate matter. All of the above named pollutants are what is known as primary pollutions; the main reason that they are called primary pollutions is because they are directly released into the earth’s atmosphere and it has adverse affects on everything such as the uman anatomy, the reservoirs as well as animals and even the way major cities sky’s look. But the main things that will be discussed and analyzed are black carbon pollution and smog. The other matters that will be addressed is two types of water pollution such as, Oil spills and trash being dumped into oceans. Black Carbon Pollution According to  lbl. gov  (n. d. ),  Ã¢â ‚¬  Black carbon pollution is the release of tiny particles into the air from burning fuel for energy. Air pollution caused by such particulates has been a major problem since the beginning of the industrial revolution and the development of the internal combustion engine . Scientific publications dealing with the analysis of soot and smoke date back as early as 1896. Mankind has become so dependent on the burning of fossil fuels (petroleum products, coal, and natural gas) that the sum total of all combustion-related emissions now constitutes a serious and widespread problem, not only to human health, but also to the entire global environment. †Ã‚  (Why study black carbon pollution,  para. 1). This type of pollution is called primary pollution, because of the fact that the toxins from the fuel are released directly into the air. The adverse affects on humans from back carbon pollution can be asthma, and acute allergies. Black carbon pollution plays a major role in global warming â€Å"Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego atmospheric scientist V. Ramanathan and University of Iowa chemical engineer Greg Carmichael, said that soot and other forms of black carbon could have as much as 60 percent of the current global warming effect of carbon dioxide, more than that of any greenhouse gas besides CO2. † (University of California – San Diego,  2008, para. 2). Smog pollution A smog (2010), according to Smog-Definition, A form of air pollution produced by the photochemical reaction of sunlight with hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides that have been released into the atmosphere, especially by automotive emissions. Most smog in the world come from industrial plants such as power plants and emotions from cars. This type of pollutions is also called primary pollution as well. Smog effects the atmosphere in such a harsh way and causes things such as acid rain. Which destroys plants and some of the world water supplies and this is a very harmful. Smog also contributes to the overcast in some major cities such as New York, Los Angeles and all other major cities. This affects not only American cities but countries outside of the United States of America. Basically smog can be anywhere any major city is. Water Pollution Pollution is the world water way and water supplies is an ongoing problem because of a various reasons but some of the major reason are, oil drilling. Oil is one of the world natural resources and a great majority of it is found in oceans around the world. Now oil is a resources that is needed in society today but, it is also destroying ocean life and causing clean and fresh water to be continually contaminated. Another type of pollution in the water is the dumping of trash into the ocean; as far as the authors opinion trash dumping is one of the worse types of pollution because when different types of fish see the trash in the water the eat it. For example plastic bags are some of the most common things that, get dumped into the ocean and get mistaken for jellfish. Also, fish always get caught in old fish nets and find it hard to get out. These two types of water pollution’s are known as secondary pollution because they are not directly released in to the atmosphere but indirectly from a second source. Conclusion Pollution is and always will be a never ending problem and will continue to effect the world, unless the leaders of today’s society decides that the earth in which humans have to live on and get their resources from is important; pollution will always be a problem. References   lbl. gov. (n. d. ). Black carbon pollution. Retrieved from http://www. lbl. gov/Education/ELSI/pollution-main. html University of California – San Diego, . (2008, March  24). Black carbon pollution emerges as major player IngGlobal warming. Science daily. Retrieved from http://www. sciencedaily. com/releases/2008/03/080323210225. htm Smog. (2010). In Smog-Defenition. Retrieved from http://www. thefreedictionary. com/smog How to cite Air Water Polution, Essay examples

Rana Essays - Rana, Lithobates, Amphibians, Northern Leopard Frog

Rana Pipiens Leopard Frog - Rana Pipiens Distribution: Found throughout Ontario but more abundant in southern and central Americas. Range: Adults maintain small home ranges (up to 500 m2) in fields or open forest during the summer. Where terrestrial habitats are quite dry, home ranges include some shoreline. A minimum of 4 ha of terrestrial habitat is recommended for the vicinity of breeding sites, however, individual adults may move several kilometres away. Most recently metamorphosed froglets stay within 20 m of shoreline although some froglets begin dispersal before metamorphosis is entirely complete. Diet: Larvae eat algae, phytoplankton, periphyton and detritus. Adults eat mainly invertebrates but will also take tadpoles or very small froglets. Reproduction: Successful breeding sites are permanent ponds, marshes, or pools or backwaters of streams. Eggs and tadpoles require warm (prefer 18o - 28o C), shallow, sunny areas. Breeding occurs from mid-March to mid-May in southern Ontario, and a few weeks later further north. Metamorphosis occurs in 2-3 months. Tadpoles require minimum oxygen concentrations of 3 ppm. Habitat: Relative to bullfrogs and green frogs, leopard frogs use open fields more and prefer denser terrestrial vegetation. In aquatic habitats, submerged vegetation, detritus and soft mud are used for cover. Lookout/Sunning Froglets require muddy shorelines, lily pads, rocks, logs or beaver dams with clear access to deeper water. Adults prefer unmowed fields (15 - 30 cm high, no more than 1 m high vegetation) or open forest in the vicinity of shallow open marshes. Connectivity/Corridors Corridors may be required among breeding, hibernation and summeringhabitats, within 2 km. These may be either aquatic (streams or rivers) or terrestrial (field or forest, usually not cropland except during periods of irrigation). Hibernation Hibernate in deep or running water that will not freeze solid or become anoxic. Are found hibernating on muddy substrate or under rocks, sunken logs, leaf litter or vegetation. Oxygen levels at one known successful hibernation site were 7 ppm. Tadpoles metamorphose in the year of hatching. Hydrology Permanent wetlands with fishless areas or near fishless (temporary) wetlands. Breeding requires sufficient water for metamorphosis to be completed (mid-late August). Soils/Substrate In water prefer muddy bottom. On land prefer moist soil, leaf litter or moss. Design Criteria Vegetation Prefer egg-laying sites with emergent vegetation on about 2/3 of edge and submergent vegetation in 1/2 of surface area in May. Structures Rocks, logs, floating vegetation or dams to sun on, with access to deep water. Submerged vegetation, logs or rocks to hide in. Soils, Slope, & Substrate Prefer wetlands with gradual slope at edge. Hydrology Hibernate in streams with minimum depth 90 cm, moderate mid-depth water velocity, minimal sedimentation, and rocks with average diameter of 20 cm. Critical Periods Breed April-June, metamorphose July-September Other Considerations Froglets are used as bait for fishing. Has declined in much of its western range and apparently in northern Ontario. Tadpoles and froglets are vulnerable to predation by large Bullfrogs and fish. Bibliography References Cook, F. R. 1966. Amphibians and reptiles of Saskatchewan. Regina: Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History, Department of Natural Resources. . 1984. Introduction to Canadian Amphibians and Reptiles. Ottawa: National Museum of Natural Sciences. Corn, P. S., and J. C. Fogleman. 1984. Extinction of Montane Populations of the Northern Leopard Frog (Rana pipiens) in Colorado. Journal of Herpetology 18: 147152. Cunjak, R. A. 1986. Winter Habitat of Northern Leopard Frogs, Rana pipiens, in a Southern Ontario Stream. Canadian Journal of Zoology 64: 255257. Emery, A. R., A. H. Berst, and K. Lodaira. 1972. Underice Observations of Wintering Sites of Leopard Frogs. Copeia 1972 (1): 123126. Hammerson Geoffrey A. 1982. Bullfrog Eliminating Leopard Frogs in Colorado? Herp Review 13 (4): 115116. Hine, R. L., B. L. Les, and B. F. Hellmich. 1981. Leopard Frog Populations and Mortality in Wisconsin, 197476. Department of Natural Resources, Madison, Wisconsin. McAlpine, D. F., and T. G. Dilworth. 1989. Microhabitat and Prey Size among Three Species of Rana (Anura: Ranidae) sympatric in eastern Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology 67: 22442252. Merrell, D. J. 1977. Life History of the Leopard Frog, Rana pipiens, in Minnesota. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota. Niven, B. S., J. C. Moore, and M. G. Stewart. 1982. The Precise Environment of Some WellKnown Animals X. The Leopard Frog (Rana pipiens). Brisbane, Australia: School of Environmental Studies. AES Paper 6/82. 32 p. Roberts, W. E. 1981. What Happened to the Leopard Frogs? Alberta Naturalist 11: 14. Seburn, C. N. L., Seburn David C., and C. A. Paszkowski. in press. Northern Leopard Frog (Rana pipiens) Dispersal in Relation to Habitat. Amphibians in Decline: The Report of the Canadian Declining Amphibian Populations Task Force. Wassersug, R.

Birthright Citizenship in the United States

Birthright Citizenship in the United States Birthright citizenship in the United States is the legal principle that any person born on U.S. soil automatically and immediately becomes a U.S. citizen. It contrasts with U.S. citizenship obtained through naturalization or acquisition- citizenship granted by virtue of being born abroad to at least one U.S. citizen parent. A â€Å"birthright† is defined as any right or privilege to which a person is entitled by virtue of birth. Long challenged in both the courts of law and public opinion, the policy of birthright citizenship remains highly controversial today, particularly when applied to children born to undocumented immigrant parents. Key Takeaways: Birthright Citizenship Birthright citizenship is the legal principle that any person born on U.S. soil automatically becomes a citizen of the United States.Birthright citizenship was established in1868 by the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution and confirmed by the US Supreme Court in the 1898 case of United States v. Wong Kim Ark.Birthright citizenship is granted to persons born in the 50 U.S. states and the U.S. territories of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.Today, birthright citizenship is a highly controversial issue as it applies to children born to parents who have entered the United States illegally. Jus Soli and Jus Sanguinis Citizenship Birthright citizenship is based on the principle of â€Å"jus soli,† a Latin term meaning â€Å"right of the soil.† According to jus soli, a person’s citizenship is determined by their place of birth. As in the United States, jus soli is the most common means by which citizenship is acquired. Jus Soli is in contrast to â€Å"jus sanguinis,† meaning â€Å"right of the blood,† the principle that a person’s citizenship is determined or acquired by the nationality of one or both parents. In the United States, citizenship can be acquired by either jus soli, or less commonly, by jus sanguinis.   Legal Basis of US Birthright Citizenship In the United States, the policy of birthright citizenship is based in the Citizenship Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, stating â€Å"[a]ll persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.† Ratified in 1868, the Fourteenth Amendment was enacted to override the 1857 U.S. Supreme Court’s Dred Scott v. Sandford decision which had denied citizenship to former African American slaves. In the 1898 case of United States v. Wong Kim Ark, the U.S. Supreme Court confirmed that under the Fourteenth Amendment, full U.S. citizenship cannot be denied to any person born within the United States, regardless of the citizenship status of the parents at the time. Under the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924, birthright citizenship is similarly granted to any person born in the United States to a member of an Indian, Eskimo, Aleutian, or other aboriginal tribe. Under the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, U.S. jus soli birthright citizenship, as established by the Fourteenth Amendment, is automatically granted to any person born within any of the 50 states and the territories of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. In addition, jus sanguinis birthright citizenship is granted (with some exceptions) to persons born to U.S. citizens while in other countries.   The above statutes and subsequent legislative amendments are compiled and codified into the United States Code of Federal Laws at 8 U.S.C.  § 1401 to define who becomes a United States citizen at birth. According to federal law, the following persons shall be deemed U.S. citizens at birth: A person born in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof.A person born in the United States to a member of an Indian, Eskimo, Aleutian, or other aboriginal tribe.A person born in an outlying possession of the United States of parents one of whom is a citizen of the United States who has been physically present in the United States or one of its outlying possessions for a continuous period of one year at any time prior to the birth of such person.A person of unknown parentage found in the United States while under the age of five years, until shown, prior to his attaining the age of twenty-one years, not to have been born in the United States. The Birthright Citizenship Debate While the legal concept of birthright citizenship has withstood years of challenges in the courts of law, its policy of automatically granting U.S. citizenship to children of undocumented immigrants has not fared as well in the court of public opinion. For example, a 2015 Pew Research Center survey found that 53% of Republicans, 23% of Democrats, and 42% of Americans overall favor changing the Constitution to bar citizenship for children born in the U.S. to undocumented immigrant parents. Many opponents of birthright citizenship argue that it encourages expectant parents to come to the U.S. simply to give birth in order to improve their own chances of attaining legal resident (green card) status- a practice often called â€Å"birth tourism.† According to a Pew Hispanic Center analysis of Census Bureau data, an estimated 340,000 of the 4.3 million babies born in the United States in 2008 were born to â€Å"unauthorized immigrants.† The Pew study further estimates that a total of about four million American-born children of unauthorized immigrant parents lived in the U.S. in 2009, along with about 1.1 million foreign-born children of unauthorized immigrant parents. Controversially calling it the â€Å"anchor baby† situation, some lawmakers have suggested legislation to change how and when birthright citizenship is granted. The 2015 Pew analysis found that birthright citizenship was granted to about 275,000 babies born to undocumented immigrant parents in 2014, or about 7% of all births in the U.S. that year. That number represents a drop from the peak year of illegal immigration in 2006 when about 370,000 children- about 9% of all births- were born to undocumented immigrants. In addition, about 90% of undocumented immigrants who give birth in the U.S. have resided in the country for more than two years before giving birth. On October 30, 2018, President Donald Trump escalated the debate by stating that he intended to issue an executive order completely removing the right of citizenship to people born in the U.S. to foreign nationals under any circumstances- an act some argue would essentially repeal the Fourteenth Amendment. The president set no timeline for his proposed order, so birthright citizenship- as established by the Fourteenth Amendment and United States v. Wong Kim Ark- remains the law of the land. Other Countries With Birthright Citizenship According to the independent, non-partisan Center for Immigration Studies, the United States along with Canada and 37 other countries, most of which are in the Western Hemisphere, offer largely unrestricted jus soli birthright citizenship. No Western Europe countries offer unrestricted birthright citizenship to all children born within their borders. Over the last decade, many countries, including France, New Zealand, and Australia, have abandoned birthright citizenship. In 2005, Ireland became the last country in the European Union to abolish birthright citizenship. Sources and Further Reference Arthur, Andrew R. (November 5, 2018). Birthright Citizenship: An Overview. Center for Immigration Studies.Smith, Rogers M. (2009). Birthright Citizenship and the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868 and 2008. University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law.Lee, Margaret (May 12, 2006). U.S. Citizenship of Persons Born in the United States to Alien Parents. Congressional Research Service.Da Silva, Chantal. (October 30, 2018). Trump Says He Plans to Sign Executive Order to Terminate Birthright Citizenship. CNN.

All About Glosses, or Brief Definitions

All About Glosses, or Brief Definitions All About Glosses, or Brief Definitions All About Glosses, or Brief Definitions By Mark Nichol One of my pet peeves as an editor (and editors are notoriously peevish, and we only become more so with experience) is the presentation of glosses. A gloss, in language, is a brief definition or explanation of an unfamiliar term or concept. (The previous sentence includes a gloss of the word gloss, though a fairly long one; they often consist of a single word, or several at most.) Two of the more familiar definitions of gloss as a noun can be described as â€Å"a concealment of truth† (virtually antonymic to the meaning under discussion here) and â€Å"an act of putting a positive spin on something,† which is related to the connotation of deceit; the sense of gloss as â€Å"explanation,† however, is more akin to the idea of providing a sheen with a clear view to what’s underneath, as in â€Å"lip gloss† or â€Å"high-gloss paint.† One problem with language glosses is that they invite the use of scare quotes, or gratuitous quotation marks that frame a word or phrase to provide emphasis. (That last phrase is a gloss of â€Å"scare quotes.† Also, understand that the quotes here, in turn, are not scare quotes but, rather, valid markers of a phrase I want to call out for attention, like a word italicized to emphasize that the word itself, not the thing, is under discussion.) Note the unnecessary use of scare quotes in the following sentence (formatted as single quotation marks because the sample sentence is framed in double quotes): â€Å"The trend of cross-border reproductive care, or ‘medical tourism,’ is popular in Europe.† But there’s another, equally egregious issue: The gloss precedes the term. In addition to omitting the scare quotes, introduce the term, then gloss it, not the other way around: â€Å"The trend of medical tourism, or cross-border reproductive care, is popular in Europe.† Scare quotes are extraneous when introducing slang, too. Look at this sentence: â€Å"I realized she was speaking Singaporean English, or ‘Singlish.’† The scare quotes are condescending, as if the writer is holding the reader’s hand, patting it, and saying, â€Å"There, there, dear. I’ll protect you from any scary words you haven’t seen before. See? There’s one up ahead right now.† And, again, why explain the term before the reader reads it? Let the reader dance on the precipice of danger for an instant: â€Å"I realized she was speaking Singlish, or Singaporean English.† Worse yet when glosses are concerned is the absence of appositive punctuation, as here: â€Å"They built the domed snow houses or igloos most people associate with Eskimos.† Never mind that igloos is not exactly an exotic term, and that the definition precedes it; the lack of internal punctuation implies that the object is â€Å"domed snow houses or (domed) igloos.† In fact, the object is â€Å"domed snow houses,† followed by the appositive term igloos. (An appositive is a term equivalent in meaning to another one, as in â€Å"the writer Melville† or â€Å"the country of Morocco† or â€Å"the runner-up, Smith.† Note that common appositives are set off from proper ones with commas only if they’re restrictive, or can apply only to a specific corresponding noun. There there’s another gloss right there.) Notice that the first two examples in this post correctly set the gloss off from the defined term with a brace of commas. The correct form of the third example follows: â€Å"They built the igloos, or domed snow houses, most people associate with Eskimos.† The bottom line: Put a shine on your glosses by placing them after the defined term and framing them within commas (or parentheses or em dashes, if either seems more appropriate). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Format a US Business Letter11 Writing Exercises to Inspire You and Strengthen Your Writing10 Tips for Clean, Clear Writing